Benzodiazepines

Label Mnemonic:	BZOU
Epic code:	LAB7382
Order form:	Laboratory Requisition
Supply order:	Supply Order Form
Billing:	Billing Policies
CPT code:	80346

Specimen(s):

Urine Screen

Collection Medium:

Clear top tube

Alternate Collection Media:

Urine (Random)-BD Vacutainer^®, no additive yellow top

Minimum:

5 mL random urine

Rejection Criteria:

Test cannot be added to a urine sample previously utilized for urinalysis testing (LAB1160, LAB1164, LAB8379).

Testing Schedule:

24 hrs/day, 7 days a week, including holidays.

Turn Around Time:

1 hour (upon receipt in laboratory)

Reference Range:

None

Interpretive Data:

Drug of abuse screening tests are to be used for medical purposes only and not for non-medical purposes (e.g., employee, competitive athlete, or forensic testing).

Comments:

Screen includes benzodiazepines only.  For full drug of abuse-
urine panel, see Drug of Abuse Screen.

If quantitative confirmation is needed for benzodiazepines, call UIDL Client 
Services at 1-866-844-2522.  Allow up to seven days for confirmatory 
results. 

Quantitative confirmation is at an additional charge.

Additional information on approximate cut-offs for individual drugs or 
drug metabolites in the specific assays


BENZODIAZEPINES ASSAY
Drug                       Approximate cut-off for
                           benzodiazepines assay (ng/mL)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Alprazolam*                           92
Bentazepam                           128
Bromazepam                            76
Brotiazolam                          138
Chlordiazepoxide                     109
Clobazam                              95
Clonazepam*                          103
Clonazolam                           110
Clorazepate                          189
Delorazepam                          109
Demoxepam                             76
Deschloroetizolam                     81
Diazepam                              90
Diclazepam                            99
Estazolam                             88
Etizolam                             118
Flubromazepam                        132
Flubromazolam                        105
Flunitrazepam                        113
Flurazepam                           161
Halazepam                            132
Lorazepam                            105
Lormetazepam                         107
Meclonazepam                         123
Medazepam                            138
Midazolam                            106
Nifoxipam                            129
Nimetazepam                           96
Nitrazepam                            96
Oxazepam                              89
Phenazepam                           124
Pinazepam                            110
Prazepam                             124
Pyrazolam                            103
Temazepam                             94
Tetrazepam                           116
Triazolam                            103

*In patients taking typical therapeutic doses of these
 benzodiazepines for medical purposes, the benzodiazepines
 screen can be negative due to the low concentrations of
 these drugs and their metabolites excreted in urine
 relative to the cut-offs.

Assay with improved detection of glucuronidated benzodiazepines implemented 
05-21-2024.

References:

Belson MG, Simon HK, Sullivan K, Geller RJ.  The Utility of 
Toxicologic Analysis in Children with Suspected Ingestion.  Pediatr 
Emerg Care 1999;15:383-387.

Bast RP, Helmer SD, Henderson SR, Rogers MA, Shapiro WM, Smith RS.  
Limited Utility of Routine Drug Screening in Trauma Patients.  South 
Med J 2000;93:397-399.

Hammett-Stabler CA, Pesce AJ, Cannon DJ.  Urine Drug Screening in the 
Medical Setting.  Clinica Chimica Acta 2002;315:125-135.

Schiller MJ, Shumway M, Batki SL.  Utility of Routine Drug Screening 
in a Psychiatric Emergency Setting.  Psychiatric Services 2000;51:474-
478.

Sugarman JM, Rodgers GC, Paul RI.  Utility of Toxicology Screening in 
a Pediatric Emergency Department.  Pediatric Emergency Care.  
Pediatric Emergency Care 1997;13(3):194-197.

Test Limitations:

There is the possibility that other substances and/or factors may interfere with the test and cause erroneous results (e.g., technical or procedural errors). Call the lab at 319-356-3527 for additional information.

Methodology:

Assay is based on the kinetic interaction of microparticles in a solution (KIMS) as measured by changes in light transmission.

Sample Processing:

Submit urine in leak-proof plastic container.
Label transport tube with two patient identifiers, date and time of collection.

Sample Storage:

Refrigerate.

Transport Instructions:

Place labeled specimen into zip-lock type biohazard bag; seal bag.
Place completed requisition into outside pocket of bag.
Transport in cooler with refrigerated coolant packs.

See also:
Drugs of Abuse, Urine
Drugs of Abuse, Urine + Confirm