Amphetamines
Label Mnemonic: | AMPU |
Epic code: | LAB7381 |
Order form: | Laboratory Requisition |
Supply order: | Supply Order Form |
Billing: | Billing Policies |
CPT code: | 80326 |
Specimen(s):
Urine Screen
Alternate
Collection Media:
Urine (Random)-BD Vacutainer®, no additive yellow top
Minimum:
5 mL random urine
Rejection Criteria:
Test cannot be added to a urine sample previously utilized for
urinalysis testing (LAB1160, LAB1164, LAB8379).
Testing
Schedule:
24 hrs/day, 7 days a week, including holidays.
Turn Around
Time:
1 hour (upon receipt in laboratory)
Reference Range:
None
Interpretive Data:
Drug of abuse screening tests are to be used
for medical purposes only and not for non-medical purposes (e.g.,
employee, competitive athlete, or forensic testing).
Comments:
Screen includes amphetamines only. For full drug of abuse-urine panel, see "Drug of Abuse Screen". If confirmation is needed for amphetamines, call UIDL Client Services at 1-866-844-2522. Allow up to seven days for confirmatory results. Confirmation is at an additional charge. Additional information on approximate cut-offs for individual drugs or drug metabolites in the specific assays AMPHETAMINES ASSAY Drug Approximate cut-off for amphetamines assay (ng/mL) ------------------------------------------------------------- d-Amphetamine 981 d-Methamphetamine 998 MBDB 1,175 MDA 771 MDEA 1,553 MDMA ("Ecstasy") 509 PMMA 690 PMA 908 Labetalol metabolite 5,116 Phendimetrazine* 138,000 Phentermine* 239,000 d-Pseudoephedrine* 261,000 Ephedrine* 308,000 Abbreviations for the "designer" amphetamine and methamphetamine derivatives: MBDB - methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine ("Eden") MDA - 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine MDEA - 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine ("Eve") MDMA - 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy") PMA - para-Methoxyamphetamine PMMA - para-Methoxymethamphetamine * The concentrations of these compounds needed to trigger a positive amphetamines screen are very high and likely only achievable in large overdose. New amphetamines assay instituted 7/7/10. Unlike the assay used prior to 7/7/10, the new assay has very good cross-reactivity for MDMA (Ecstasy) and some designer amphetamines (MDA, MBDB, MDEA, PMA, PMMA). The older assay did not cross-react well with amphetamines other than amphetamine and methamphetamine. The new assay has low cross-reactivity with non-amphetamine drugs (ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phentermine, etc.). Patients on labetalol can have a false positive amphetamines screen due to a metabolite of labetalol (APB, 1-Methyl-3-phenylpropylamine) structurally resembling amphetamine. In these cases, confirmatory testing will be negative. References: Belson MG, Simon HK, Sullivan K, Geller RJ. The Utility of Toxicologic Analysis in Children with Suspected Ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 1999;15:383-387. Bast RP, Helmer SD, Henderson SR, Rogers MA, Shapiro WM, Smith RS. Limited Utility of Routine Drug Screening in Trauma Patients. South Med J 2000;93:397-399. Hammett-Stabler CA, Pesce AJ, Cannon DJ. Urine Drug Screening in the Medical Setting. Clinica Chimica Acta 2002;315:125-135. Schiller MJ, Shumway M, Batki SL. Utility of Routine Drug Screening in a Psychiatric Emergency Setting. Psychiatric Services 2000;51:474- 478. Sugarman JM, Rodgers GC, Paul RI. Utility of Toxicology Screening in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatric Emergency Care. Pediatric Emergency Care 1997;13(3):194-197. Gilbert RB, Peng PI, Wong D. A labetalol metabolite with analytical characteristics resembling amphetamines. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19(2):84- 86.
Test
Limitations:
There is the possibility that other substances and/or factors may
interfere with the test and cause erroneous results (e.g., technical
or procedural errors). Call the lab at 319-356-3527 for additional
information.
Methodology:
Assay is based on the kinetic interaction of microparticles in a
solution (KIMS) as measured by changes in light transmission.
Sample
Processing:
Submit urine in leak-proof plastic container.
Sample
Storage:
Refrigerate.
Transport
Instructions:
Place labeled specimen into zip-lock type biohazard bag; seal bag.
Place completed requisition into outside pocket of bag.
Transport in cooler with refrigerated coolant packs.
Place completed requisition into outside pocket of bag.
Transport in cooler with refrigerated coolant packs.
CPT Code:
80326