Cadmium, Urine

Label Mnemonic:	CDU
Epic code:	LAB370
Downtime form:	Doctor/Provider Orders - Pathology Core and Specialty Care Nursery

Commercial Mailout Laboratory
6240-8 RCP
356-8593

Specimen(s):

Urine More information

Specimen Instructions:

Refrigerate during 24 hr collection in plastic container.

Diet, medication, and nutritional supplements may introduce interfering substances. Patients should be encouraged to discontinue nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, and non-essential over- the-counter medications (upon the advice of their physician). High concentrations of iodine may interfere with elemental testing. Abstinence from iodine-containing medications or contrast agents for at least 1 month prior to collecting specimens for elemental testing is recommended.

Studies indicate that refrigeration of urine alone, during and after collection, preserves specimens adequately, if tested within 14 days of collection.

Record start and stop of collection period on requisition.

Collection Medium:

Urine - 24 hour/timed plastic urine container

Minimum:

Preferred Minimum: 8 mL urine from a well-mixed, refrigerated, 24 hr urine collection.
Absolute Minimum: 1 mL urine from a well-mixed, refrigerated, 24 hr urine collection.

Patient Prep: Diet, medication, and nutritional supplements may introduce interfering substances. Patients should be encouraged to discontinue nutritional supplements, vitamins, minerals, and non- essential over-the-counter medications (upon the advice of their physician). High concentrations of iodine may interfere with elemental testing. Abstinence from iodine-containing medications or contrast agents for at least 1 month prior to collecting specimens for elemental testing is recommended.

Rejection Criteria:

Urine collected within 48 hours after administration of a gadolinium (Gd) containing contrast media (may occur with MRI studies). Acid preserved urine. Specimen contaminated with blood or fecal material. Specimens transported in non-trace element free transport tube (with the exception of the original device).

Turn Around Time:

1–5 days upon receipt at reference laboratory

Reference Range:

Components

Reference Interval

Cadmium, Urine - per 24h

Less than or equal to 3.2 microg/d

Cadmium, Urine - per volume

Less than or equal to 1.0 microg/L

Cadmium, Urine - ratio to CRT

Less than or equal to 3.2 microg/g CRT

Creatinine, Urine - per 24h

Age	Male (mg/d)	Female (mg/d)
3–8 years	140–700	140–700
9–12 years	300–1300	300–1300
13–17 years	500–2300	400–1600
18–50 years	1000–2500	700–1600
51–80 years	800–2100	500–1400
81 years and older	600–2000	400–1300

Interpretive Data:

Urine cadmium concentrations can be used to assess cadmium body burden. In chronic exposures, the kidneys are the primary target organ. Symptoms associated with cadmium toxicity vary based upon route of exposure and may include tubular proteinuria, fever, headache, dyspnea, chest pain, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sore throat and cough. Ingestion of cadmium in high concentration may cause vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, cramps, and abdominal pain.

Elevated results may be due to skin or collection-related contamination, including the use of collection containers that are not certified to be trace element-free. If an elevated result is suspected to be due to contamination, confirmation with a second specimen collected in a certified trace element-free container is recommended.

Methodology:

Quantitative Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

CPT Code:

82300

See Additional Information:
Urine Tests Requiring Preservatives, Refrigeration or Special Containers