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Diagnosis: The process of identifying a disease by
the signs and symptoms.
Differentiation: In cancer, it refers to how mature the
cancer cells are. Well-differentiated cancer cells are more
like normal cells, usually less aggressive and respond better
to treatment. Undifferentiated cells are not able to carry out
normal cell functions. In cancer, undifferentiated cells are
often more aggressive, but, paradoxically, can be more
sensitive to anti-cancer treatments.
Digestive
Tract: The organs that food passes through
when we eat. This includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. The protein that carries
genetic information. Every cell with a nucleus contains a
strand of DNA. DNA determines the unique characteristics of
each person.
DNA Based HLA Typing: Determining a person's HLA type
(Human Leukocyte Antigen) by direct examination of the DNA.
Donor: A volunteer who has donated stem cells for a
patient.
Donor
Center: An organization that recruits, tests, and
manages the interaction of volunteers listed in a donor
registry.
Donor
Workup: The process that a closely matched
potential donor undergoes to determine whether he or she is
healthy and prepared to donate stem cells. Workup includes a
detailed information session with a donor center coordinator,
a thorough physical examination, a donation of additional
blood samples for testing and usually a donation of autologous
blood. During the donor workup two questions need to be
answered after the volunteer has been fully educated about
stem cell donation: Does the volunteer want to donate their
stem cells? Is the volunteer medically able to donate their
stem cells?
DR Typing: HLA typing to determine the HLA-DR
determinants carried by a donor or patient. HLA-DR typing is
almost exclusively performed by DNA-based methods.
Ductal Carcinoma In
Situ: Cancer that begins in the
ducts of the breast, but has not grown through the duct wall
into the surrounding tissue.
Dysplasia: Abnormal cells that are not cancer. |
