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B cells: White blood cells that develop in the
bone marrow and are the source of antibodies. Also known as B
lymphocytes.
Basophil: A type of white blood cell. Basophils
are a type of granulocyte.
Benign: A tumor or growth that is not cancerous and
will not spread to other areas of your body.
Bilateral: Relating to both the right and left sides of
your body or its parts.
Biopsy: The surgical removal of a small piece of your
tissue to determine if the area is cancerous.
Blast: An immature or imperfectly developed blood cell.
Blast
Crisis: Advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML) in which the number of immature, abnormal white blood
cells (myeloblasts or lymphoblasts) in the bone marrow and
blood is extremely high. Also called Blast Phase.
Blood
Count: A blood test used to determine the number
of the various types of your blood cells.
Bone
Marrow: A substance found in the cavities of your
body's bones. It resembles blood and contains stem cells,
which produce your red cells, white cells, and platelets.
Marrow for transplant is usually collected from the back-side
of the pelvic bone, specifically the iliac crest.
Bone Marrow
Aspiration: The removal of a small sample
of bone marrow (usually from the hip) through a needle for
examination under a microscope to see whether cancer cells are
present.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: The removal of a small sample
of tissue from the bone marrow (usually from the hip) with a
large needle. The cells are examined under a microscope to
determine how much of the bone marrow is affected by cancerous
cells. A bone marrow biopsy is usually done at the same time
as a bone marrow aspiration.
Bone Marrow
Harvest: Removal of a portion of a
person’s bone marrow from their pelvic bone using a needle
for use in autologous or allogeneic transplantation.
Bone Marrow Metastases: Cancer that has spread to the
bone marrow from the original (primary) tumor.
Bone Marrow
Transplant: A procedure in which doctors
use high doses of anticancer drugs or radiation to destroy the
patient’s diseased marrow and then give the patient healthy
marrow as a replacement. In an autologous transplant, the
patient's own marrow or – more often – blood stem cells
are harvested, possibly treated, and then transplanted. In an
allogeneic transplant, another person donates the healthy
marrow or blood stem cells. On occasion, the allogeneic stem
cell collection is treated to reduce the number of
T-lymphocytes.
Bone Scan: A test to create images of your bones
on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive
material is first injected into your vein and then travels
through your bloodstream. It collects in your bones
(especially abnormal areas of the bone) and is then detected
by a scanner. This examination can detect tumors of the bone.
BRCA1: A gene that may increase a woman's chance of
developing breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer. The presence
of this gene is associated with only 5 – 10% of all breast
cancers.
Bronchi: The large air passages of your lungs.
Bronchoscopy: A direct examination of the air passages
of your lungs. A narrow, flexible tube called a bronchoscope
is gently inserted either into your nose or throat and then
through your voice box, down your trachea, and into the large
airways of your lungs. Samples of abnormal tissue or possible
infection can be taken quite safely with this instrument.
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